KIDNEY STONES

KIDNEY STONES

Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals.Kidney stones are hard collections of salt and minerals often made up of calcium or uric acid. . Kidney stones usually originate in your kidneys. However, they can develop anywhere along your urinary tract, which consists of these parts:

  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
  • urethra
  • WHY YOU GET STONE IN THE KIDNEY:

    you had more than one stone before.

    Has anyone in your family had stones.

    Your medical condition that may increase your chance of having stones, like frequent diarrhea, gout or diabetes.

    SYMPTOMS:
  • Pain in the back, belly, or side
  • Pain or burning during urination
  • Blood in the urine
  • Cloudy or smelly urine
  • Going a small amount of urine at a time
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever and chills
  • HOW TO PREVENT KIDNEY STONES:

    Staying hydrated

    Reducing salt intake

    Maintaining a healthy body weight

    Limiting foods with calcium oxalate

    Reducing alcohol intake

    Avoiding excessive caffeine consumption

    Avoiding sugary drinks

    Increasing citric acidic intake

    Taking supplements and vitamins

    TYPES OF KIDNEY STONES:
    CALCIUM STONES CALCIUM OXALATE:

    The calcium oxalate crystal forms when calcium combines with oxalic acid. Oxalic acid (at left), a dead end waste product that the kidneys remove. Sometimes this kidney stone arises from a systemic cause, like bowel disease, primary hyperparathyroidism, or primary hyperoxaluria.

    CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CRYSTALS:

    Calcium phosphate stone crystals form when calcium atoms combine with phosphoric instead of oxalic acid and produce the calcium phosphate kidney stone.Primary hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis raise average urine alkalinity (higher urine pH) and foster calcium phosphate kidney stones.

    URIC ACID STONES

    The stones can be red or orange because uric acid crystals absorb hemoglobin breakdown products that are red – orange pigments in urine. Sometimes uric acid crystals pass in urine as a red orange gravel.uric acid stones can grow very large and rapidly.

    STRUVITE STONES

    Kidneys cannot make struvite. Bacteria make it.This type of stone is found mostly in women with urinary tract infections (UTIs). These stones can be large and cause urinary obstruction. They result from a kidney infection. Treating an underlying infection can prevent the development of struvite stones.

    CYSTINE STONES

    Lemon yellow with a sugary coating these form only in people who have an inherited kidney disorder called cystinuria.Stones probably form in the urine itself. But cystine crystals can plug the ends of kidney tubules, as calcium phosphate crystals do, causing cell damage.

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